Livingston Parish was created on February 10, 1832 , from St. Helena Parish and the parish was named in honor of U.S. Secretary of State Edward Livingston . The Parish seat is Livingston . On October 15, 1875, the parish courthouse at Port Vincent burned, apparently destroying the official records which were maintained there.
It is borderd by St. Helena Parish (north), Tangipahoa Parish (east), St. John the Baptist Parish (southeast), Ascension Parish (southwest), East Baton Rouge Parish (west) . Cites, Towns and Communities include Albany, Denham Springs, French Settlement, Killian, Livingston, Port Vincent, Springfield, Walker, Holden, Maurepas, Watson, Colyell, Satsuma . The Official County Website is located at http://www.livingstonparish.org/ . See Extended History for More information.
Livingston Parish is in the central part of the eastward-projecting southern half of Louisiana. The southeastern corner is about 35 miles east of Baton Rouge. Livingston Parish is known as one of the Florida Parishes of Louisiana; it was a part of West Florida until 1810. On September 22 or that year, the Spanish fort at Baton Rouge was captured by a band of cavalry and infantry made up of settlers from the West Florida area. Four days later, on September 26, a declaration of independence of the State of West Florida was issued. It has been asserted by one authority that the majority of foot soldiers of the rebel force and indeed a majority of that force itself, were volunteers from the Livingston Parish settlement of Springfield. On October 27, 1810, upon petition of the West Florida revolter's, West Florida between Mississippi and Pearl Rivers was annexed to the United States by Presidential proclamation.
Most compilers agree that the parish was named in honor of either Robert or Edward Livingston; however, they cannot unanimously agree on either one. Clark Forest Jr. in his article entitled "Various Locations of the Livingston Parish Courthouse" submits that the parish is named in honor of Edward Livingston.
Since its creation in 1832 from the southern portion of St. Helena Parish, Livingston has had five different parish seats, which may be a record of sorts for Louisiana Parishes.
No original records have been found to establish the location of the parish's first seat of justice, but secondary sources indicate it was at Van Buren. Information is contained in an act passed by the Louisiana Legislature on March 13, 1835 entitled "To Remove the Seat of Justice form Van Buren to Springfield, in the Parish of Livingston."
In the 1850's, after completion of the New Orleans to Jackson Railroad, pressure mounted to move the courthouse to a site along the vote on changing their courthouse location in 1871. The following year the legislature enacted Act 83 which stated the seat of justice would be located at Port Vincent.
On October 15, 1875, the parish courthouse was moved from Centerville to Livingston, three acts were passed by the Legislature authorizing the removal of the courthouse to some point on the railroad. A referendum was finally held in 1941, and the town of Livingston was approved as the fifth and final courthouse site.
Livingston Parish County was created on February 10, 1832. It was originally part of the Florida Parishes. The name is thought to derive from a U.S. Senator and Secretary of State under Andrew Jackson named Edward Livingston. However, contradicting arguments state that Livingston Parish was named after Robert Livingston, a well known lawyer and negotiator of the Louisiana Purchase as a minister to France.
Livingston Parish was one of the earliest settled parishes of the state, with both French and Spanish colonists settling here in the early 1700s in the Lake Maurepas area. To get to New Orleans the early settlers traveled the Amite River to Lake Maurepas then crossed the narrow pass into Lake Pontchartrain. At that time, the industry primarily was centered on farming, lumbering, and harvesting fish and seafood from the waterways. Livingston became the parish seat in 1941 when the courthouse was moved there from Centerville. Livingston Parish was incorporated on November 4, 1955, with the following officials: Winson Hoover, Mayor; Victor Smart; Fuqua Sibley and Willie Lee Duffy, Aldermen; and Johnnie Sartwell, Marshall. The growth of the community was lead by the construction of the present Illinois Central Gulf rail line in 1854 and 1856.
In the following years to come the parish was embroiled with the rest of the country in the Civil War. Some 14 engagements of the Civil War were fought in Livingston Parish between 1862 and 1865. They included eight battles fought in the vicinity of the Amite River, one at Benton’s Ferry, two at French Settlement, two in the Springfield area and one on the Tickfaw River. In 1869, the parish lost territory when Tangipahoa Parish was created. It later gained additional land when Maurepas Island was made part of the parish. Today, Livingston Parish has eight municipalities, with Denham Springs being the largest. Other municipalities are Albany, French Settlement, Killian, Livingston (the parish seat), Port Vincent, Springfield and Walker. As in the past, the harvesting of forest products and being the parish seat still plays a major role in the economic life of the town.
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Researchers often overlook the importance of court records, probate records, and land records as a source of family history information.
PLEASE READ FIRST!!!! Please call the clerk's department to confirm hours, mailing address, fees and other specifics before visiting or requesting information because of sometimes changing contact information. On October 15, 1875, the parish courthouse at Port Vincent burned, apparently destroying the official records which were maintained there.
Livingston Parish Clerk of Court has Court Records from 1875, Land Records from 1875, Probate Records from 1875 and Marriage Records from 1875 and is located at 20180 Iowa Street, P O Box 1150, Livingston, LA 70754, (225) 686-2216, (225) 686-1867 Fax.
The Clerk of Court for each parish in Louisiana performs the functions of more than one office. As the Recorder, the office of the Clerk of Court receives, files, records and indexes all mortgages, conveyances and all other instruments recorded in the Public Records for the Parish. The Clerk’s Office receives and files all pleadings, such as petitions, answers, motions and other filings in Civil and Probate matters, as well as indictments, bills of information and other filings in Criminal matters. The Clerk’s Office also handles special Juvenile matters and Criminal Neglect cases. Another function of the Clerk’s Office is the issuance of Marriage Licenses and recording their returns after the marriages are performed.
You may also search the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) which does cover Louisiana and does cover surrounding states. Many pioneers and settelers bought land from the government instead of individuals.
Below is a list of online resources for Livingston Parish Court Records. Email us with websites containing Livingston Parish Court Records by clicking the link below:
Birth, marriage, and death records are connected with central life events. They are prime sources for genealogical information.
Vital Records Registry Office of Public Health, 325 Loyola Avenue, P.O. Box 60630. New Orleans, LA 70160; Tel: 504-568-5150 504- 568-5152 (automated) is the repository for all Louisiana Birth Certificates less than 101 years old and all Louisiana Death Certificates less than 51 years old. Existing records of births which occurred in Louisiana more than 100 years ago or deaths which occurred more than 50 years ago are maintained by the Louisiana State Archives. They have the following records:
Order By Mail: SUBMIT APPLICATION, COPY OF STATE OR FEDERAL PHOTO ID AND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: Vital Records Registry, P.O. Box 60630, New Orleans, LA 70160. Please do not send cash in the mail. IF NO RECORD IS FOUND, YOU WILL BE NOTIFIED AND FEES WILL BE RETAINED FOR THE SEARCH PER R.S. 40:40. See LOUISIANA VITAL RECORDS REGISTRY OFFICE OF PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HOSPITALS SERVICE FEES for current cost of all documents.
Below is a list of online resources for Livingston Parish Vital Records. Email us with websites containing Livingston Parish Vital Records by clicking the link below:
Few, if any, records reveal as many details about individuals and families as do government census records. Substitute records can be used when the official census is unavailable
Parishwide Records: Federal Population Schedules that exist for Livingston Parish, Louisiana are 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890 (fragment, see below), 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930. Other Federal Schedules to look at when researching your family tree in Livingston Parish, Louisiana are Industry and Agriculture Schedules availible for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880. Slave Schedules exist for 1850 & 1860. The Mortality Schedules for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880.
Statewide Records that exist for Louisiana are 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890 (fragment, see below), 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930. After the 1803 purchase of Louisiana it became an American possession; therefore, the first federal census report taken for the state was 1810.
Caution should be used particularly with the AIS indexes for Louisiana. Many of the French and Spanish names were transcribed wrong and numerous omissions exist. Many of these population schedules have been published. See Louisiana Census Records. Volume I: Avoyelles and St. Landry Parishes, 1810 and 1820 & Louisiana Census Records. Volume II: Iberville, Natchitoches, Pointe Coupee, and Rapides Parishes, 1810 and 1820 by Robert Bruce L. Ardoin & The Census Tables for the French Colony of Louisiana from 1699 Through 1732 by Charles R. Maduell, Jr. These books are on 1 Family Archive CD
As early as 1860 the federal government began attempts to identify Native Americans. In 1900 and 1910 it created a special Indian schedule. The first page was the same as the population census only it had “Indian Population” as its heading. The second page provided for such important information as: tribal affiliation, the tribe of each parent, the person's Indian blood quantum, and—if not full blooded —their precise racial mixture. These schedules will be found at the end of the ward or district in which the Native American resided.
There are Industry and Agriculture Schedules availible for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880. Slave Schedules exist for 1850 & 1860. The Mortality Schedules for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880. Union Veterans Schedules were conducted in 1890.
Below is a list of online resources for Livingston Parish Census Records. Email us with websites containing Livingston Parish Census Records by clicking the link below:
Genealogy Atlas has images of old American atlases during the years 1795, 1814, 1822, 1823, 1836, 1838, 1845, 1856, 1866, 1879 and 1897 for Louisiana and other states.
You can view rotating animated maps for Louisiana showing all the parish boundaries for each census year overlayed with past and present maps so you can see the changes in parish boundaries. You can view a list of maps for other states at Census Maps
You can view rotating animated maps for Louisiana showing all the parish boundary changes for each year overlayed with past and present maps so you can see the changes in parish boundaries . You can view a list of maps for other states and State Department of Transportation Maps at County Maps.
Below is a list of online resources for Livingston Parish Maps. Email us with websites containing Livingston Parish Maps by clicking the link below:
The uses and value of military records in genealogical research for ancestors who were veterans are obvious, but military records can also be important to re-searchers whose direct ancestors were not soldiers in any war. The fathers, grandfathers, brothers, and other close relatives of an ancestor may have served in a war, and their service or pension records could contain information that will assist in further identifying the family of primary interest. Due to the amount of genealogical information contained in some military pension files, they should never be overlooked during the research process. Those records not containing specific genealogical information are of historic value and should be included in any overall research design.
Below is a list of online resources for Livingston Parish Military Records. Email us with websites containing Livingston Parish Military Records by clicking the link below:
Tax records are a valuable but little-used source. Almost everything was taxed: household and personal goods, livestock, slaves, and property. Tax lists can be used as a substitute census, to create complete neighborhoods for a neighborhood study, establish relationships, locate land, and so on. Unfortunately, most of these lists no longer exist in Louisiana, but those that are extant are usually found in the tax assessor's office in the Livingston Parish courthouse.
Below is a list of online resources for Livingston Parish Tax Records. Email us with websites containing Livingston Parish Tax Records by clicking the link below:
The Repositories in this section are Archives, Libraries, Museums, Genealogical and Historical Societies. Many County Historical and Genealogical Societies publish magazines and/or news letters on a monthly, quarterly, bi-annual or annual basis. Contacting the local societies should not be over looked. State Archives and Societies are usually much larger and better organized with much larger archived materials than their smaller county cousins but they can be more generalized and over look the smaller details that local societies tend to have. Libraries can also be a good place to look for local information. Some libraries have a genealogy section and may have some resources that are not located at archives or societies. Also, take a special look at any museums in the area. They sometimes have photos and items from years gone by as well as information of a genealogical interest. All these places are vitally important to the family genealogist and must not be passed over.
Below is a list of online resources for Livingston Parish Genealogical Addresses. Email us with websites containing Livingston Parish Genealogical Addresses by clicking the link below:
Obituaries can vary in the amount of information they contain, but many of them are genealogical goldmines, including information such as names, dates, places of birth and death, marriage information, and family relationships.
There are many churches and cemeteries in Livingston Parish. Some transcriptions are online. A great site is the Livingston Parish Tombstone Transcription Project.
Most Catholic church registers are still in the local parish church. Many of them have been translated and published.
The recording of cemetery inscriptions in Louisiana has long been a project of the DAR and numerous genealogical societies. Genealogical publications continually print these inscriptions in their issues.
Below is a list of online resources for Livingston Parish Cemetery & Church Records. Email us with websites containing Livingston Parish Cemetery & Church Records by clicking the link below:
The use of published genealogies, electronic files containing genealogical lineage, and other compiled sources can be of tremendous value to a researcher.
When view family trees online or not, be sure to only take the info at face value and always follow up with your own sources or verify the ones they provide. Below is a list of online resources for Livingston Parish Family Trees, web forums and other family type information . Email us with websites containing Livingston Parish Family Trees, web forums and other family type information by clicking the link below:
Located in the southeastern part of the state in the Florida Parishes, Livingston Parish is unique in several ways. First, it is a microcosm of the state. That is, the southern portion is dominated by a French-Catholic population while the northern portion is dominated by an Anglo-Sexon Protestant population. The dividing line is roughly US Hwy. 190.
Anothe ethnic group which settled in the parish was the Hungarians. They began buying cut-over timber land south of the town of Albany in 1896. Their number continued to increase as others migrated from the northern industrial centers until Livingston had the largest Hungarian population in the state.
Further, the percentage of blacks to the white population has always been small. In 1860, Livingston ranked second as to the fewest number of slaves of any parish in the state. Only Calcasieu Parish with 1,171 had fewer slaves than Livingston's 1,311. In 1970, blacks constituted only 11.3 percent of the parish's total population.
One explanation for the small number of blacks in the parish is that historically the parish was a densely wooded area with extensive pine forests. When the parish was settled, the forests pervented large plantations from being established except in the area along the banks of the Amite River. Hence, the parish was settled by small farmers who were fiercely independent.Farming dominated the parish until the Baton Rouge industrial complex converted the farmers to industrial workers.
EARLY HISTORY
The Houma Indians were apparently the inhabitants of what is now Livingston Parish at the time the first explorations by Europeans occurred. It is generally conceded that the Houma hunting grounds extended north of the famed "red stick" in Baton Rouge, which divided their lands from that of the neighboring tribe, and that they ranged far to the east, including Livingston Parish as part of their territory.
Whether the Tunica Indians, who massacred inhabitants of several Houma villages and drove the remainder of the tribe away from the area, extended their conquest beyond the Amite River is not a matter of available record.
Whoever the original inhabitants of the land were, however, Spanish explorers were the first to touch the Gulf Coast area. In the year 1519 Alonzo de Pineda, who had been dispatched by the Spanish governor of Jamaica, touched several points on the coast in an effort to find a through route to the Pacific Ocean. In 1528-36, Panfilo de Narvz explored the Southwest. In the years 1539-41, the ill-starred expedition of Hernando deSoto occurred, an expedition which may have reached the land of the Houmas.
In the year 1682, LaSalle took possession of the lower Mississippi valley in the name of France, and in 1699 the Spanish settled Pensacola and the French settle Biloxi. In the great race for a colonial empire, the French set up Biloxi as the seat of government for the new area.
IBERVILLE'S ROUTE
The year 1699 was important for Livingston Parish for it is known that in that year Europeans definitely gazed upon a portion of present-day Livingston parish. This occurred when Iberville, after ascending the Mississippi RIver from its mouth to a point near the present Angola prison farm, chose on his return trip to Ship Island to descend by way of Bayou Manchac.
This route from Bayou Manchac took him and his party to the Amite River which then led them through Lake Maurepas, Pass Manchac, Lake pontchartrain, and the Rigolets to the Mississippi Sound.
Portions of the Amite River and Lake Maurepas form segments of the parish boundary. It is believed that the name Amite is dervied from the French word amitie meaning "friendship." Iberville, on his return journey, named Lake Maurepas and Lake Pontchartrain in honor of the French Minister of Marine and Colonies, Count Pontchartrain and the Court's son and successor, Jerome Maurepas, also called Pontchartrain.
ENGLISH RULE
In 1763, the Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War, as it was known in colonial America. The Floridas, including what is now Livingston Parish, were ceded to England to become a fourteenth English province in what is now the United States. It is a matter of record that, in that year, after 64 years of French occupation, there were less than 500 people including their slaves, counted in the entire West Florida area.
In 1767 the limits of the English province of West Florida were set as extending on the north to a parallel drawn through the mouth of the Yazoo River in the present state of Mississippi and as lying between the Chattahoochee and Mississippi Rivers and south as far as the Isle of Orleans, which had as its northern boundary Bayou Manchac.
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
Tired of the burden of English rule, other colonies in North America began war in 1775, but British West Florida, far from the scene of conflict and united with England by common racial and commercial backgrounds, took no part in the actual conflict until 1779 when Spain declared war against England.
The Spanish governor of Louisiana, Don Bernardo de Galvez, then crossed the river and attacked and captured the English Fort Bute and the village at Baton Rouge. In 1783, by another Treaty of Paris, the Floridas were ceded by Great Britain to Spain.
In 1795 by a treaty between the United States and Spain, the northern boundaries of the Spanish province of West Florida were set as being on the 31st parallel, a line which still persists today as a boundary of several southern states, including Louisiana.
In what is now Livingston Parish, some settlements had been made in the Lake Maurepas area during the earlier periods and French and Spanish hunters had come up the Amite River about 1750 and had settled there. The English had established trading posts on the Amite River before 1776 for trade with the French and Spanish settlers.
INDEPENDENCE
With the land filling up with many westward-treking Americans and others, many of whom had the firece spirit and dreams of independenc still in them from Revolutinary days, and with the land stillunder the domination of the Spanish king, it was only naturalthat indignation at the high-handed European manner of conducting government should mount.
On September 22, 1810, this indignation culminated with the storming and capture of the Spanish fort at Baton Rouge by a band of cavalry and infantry made up of settlers from the West Florida section and four days later, on September 26, with a declaration of independence of the State of West Florida.
It is interesting to note that the majority of foot soldiers of the rebel force, indeed a majority of that force itself, were volunteers from the Livingston Parish settlement of Springfield. This heroic chapter in the annals of American bravery and courage, which might have forestalled Napoleon in an attempt to retake the American continent, has been almost passed over entirely by historians.
On October 27, 1810, upon petition of the West Florida revolters, West Florida betwen the Mississippi and Pearl rivers was annexed to the United States by presidential proclamation.
The career of the tiny republic, which had as its banner the first Lone Star flag, terminated with the raising of the flag of the United States at St. Francisvile on December 6, 1810.
On April 30, 1812, Louisiana was formally admitted to the Union as the 18th state. The annexed territory of West Florida was joined to the state by an act of Congress under the name of the Territory of Feliciana. This territory had been created on December 22, 1810, and had been divided into four parts - St. Helena, St. Tammany, Feliciana, and East Baton Rouge upon its creation.
PARISH CREATED
Livingston Parish was created out of the southern portion of St. Helena Parish by the Louisiana Legislature on February 10, 1832. When established, St. Helena occupied the area south of the present Louisiana-Mississippi boundary line and north of the Amite River and Lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain. The Amite River also served as the western boundary and the Tangipahoa River as the eastern boundary.
On March 30, 1832, the Legislature passed an act which amended the February 10, 1832 act by adding the following specific instructions for dividing St. Helena Parish. Section 1 stated that "the dividing line of the Parishes of St. Helena and Livingston, shall commence on the river Amite, on the dividing township line of the fourth and fifth townships, as designated by the United States surveyors, and run thence east along said line, to the point at which the same intersects the river Tanchipaho."
The above-mentioned township line still separates Livingston and St. Helena; however, the original parish boundaries encompassed an area now included in Tangipahoa Parish and omitted a portion formerly in Ascension Parish.
A legislative act affecting Livingston's land area was passed on March 12, 1850. Entitled "An Act to Annex Maurepas Island, a Portion of the Parish of Ascension, to the Parish of Livingston", the act stated "that portion of the Parish of Ascension bounded north, by the River Amite from its junction with Lake Maurepas up to Bayou Pierre; on the west, by Bayou Pierre, from its origin at the Amite River don to the Petty Amite; from thence, down the Petty Amite to Blind River; from thence, on the south, by Blind RIver to Lake Maurepas; from thence, on the east, by Lake Maurepas to the place of beginning, so as to include the island of Maurepas, situated immediately west of Lake Maurepas, and south of the River Amite, be, and the same is hereby annexed to the Parish of Livingston."
The present Illinois Central Gulf rail line from New Orleans to Jackson, Mississippi, was constructed during the years 1854-56, and the growth of communities along the line eventually led to pressures to move the courthouse from Springfield to a point on the railroad.
However, the competition between Springfield and the Jackson Railroad was eliminated in 1869 when the legislature passed Act 85 to create Tangipahoa Parish. Portions of Livingston, St. Helena, Washington, and St. Tammany Parishes were carved away and combined to form a parish embracing the railroad from the lake to the Mississippi line. Thus the present boundaries of Livingston Parish were settled in 1869.
ORIGIN OF NAME
Most compilers agree that the parish was named in honor of either Robert or Edward Livingston; however, they cannot unanimously agree on either one. Clark Forrest, Jr., in his article entitled "Various Locations of the Livingston Parish Courthouse," submits that the parish is named in honor of Edward Livingston.
Forrest wrote that while Robert Livingston was certainly a famous lawyer and negotiator of the Louisiana Purchase as minister to France, he died in 1813. His brother Edward lived from 1764 to 1836. He was a jurist and a statesman, serving as Secretary of State (1831-33) under Andrew Jackson and also as minister to France (1833-35).
Before being appointed Secretary of State, Edward ws serving in the US Congress as a Senator from Louisiana. Governor A.B. Roman, in his address to the Louisiana Legislature on November 14, 1831, officially recognized Livingston's resignation and called for the legislature to fill his seat.
"Our distinguished fellow citizen Mr. Livingston, having been called by the President to fill the office of Secretary of State, has, during the recess of the Legislature, resigned the seat he occupied in the Senate of the United States. It will be your duty to supply his place by a new election." A New Orleans newspaper, The Bee, carried the following article entitled "State Legislature"
on January 17, 1832: "A bill passed the Senate
yesterday authorizing the
Governor to purchase a gold
medal and offer the same to
the Hon. Edward Livingston,
as an acknowledgment, on the
part of the State of Louisiana,
for the code of criminal and
civil law presented to the
state by the Honorable
Gentleman."
On January 11, 1832, Samuel Leonard, one of the state representatives from St. Helena (the other was John Kinchen), first introduced a bill entitled "An Act to Divide the Parish of St. Helena." Thus, during the same period of time, the state legislature was honoring a former US Senator by purchasing a gold medal and creating a new parish.
COURTHOUSES
Since its creation in 1832 from the southern portion of St. Helena Parish, Livingston has had five different parish seats, which may be a record of some sort for Louisiana parishes. No original records have been found to establish the location of the parish's first seat of justice, but secondary sources indicate it was at Van Buren, on the east bank of the Tickfaw River in Sectin 14, T7S-R5E.
This information is obtained from the act passed by the Louisiana Legislature on March 13, 1835 entitled, "To Remove the Seat of Justice from Van Buren to Springfield, in the Parish of Livingston."
Van Buren was named for Martin Van Buren (1782-1862), the eighth President of the United States (1837-1841). As US Secretary of State (1829-1831), he was President Jackson's close adviser. During 1832, at the time Livingston Parish was being formed, he was running for election as Vice President on Jackson's ticket. Van Buren was elected and served from 1833 to 1837. If names are any indication, Livingston Parish was a Jackson stronghold.
For whatever reason, the town of Van Buren declined, probably because it was artificially chosen for one reason - it was near the center of the parish. Water transportation was the dominant means of travel at this time, and since the Tickfaw River was not navigable at Van Buren, the site was destined to be replaced by a natural site near navigable water. Such a site was selected by the legislature when they chose Springfield as the parish seat in 1835.
Two sites in Springfield served as the courthouse location, the latter in a building originally built to house a bank. This building still stands today.
As previously mentioned, Springfield felt pressure from residents along the New Orleans to Jackson Railroad, who wanted to move the courthouse to their area. This pressure was eliminated in 1869, when Tangipahoa Parish was formed, bu no sooner had the competition from the railroad been eliminated than a new rival for Springfield's position cropped up. The new rival was the "young" town of Port Vincent, lcoated 20 miles west of Springfield on the Amite River.
The legislature authorized the people of Livingston to vote on changing their courthouse location in 1871. The following year the legislature enacted Act 83 which stated the seat of justice would be located at Port Vincent.
Whatever means Port Vincent used to obtain the courthouse from Springfield, there is agreement among writers of that time that the means were somewhat unfair. On October 15, 1875, the parish courthouse at Port Vincent burned, apparently destroying the official records which were maintained there. Today we continue to suffer the consequences of that unfortunate incident.
The following newspaper article, entitled "The Burning of Livingston Courthouse," appeared on page one of the New Orleans Republican on Oct. 19, 1875. Because it is a brilliant synopsis of the contemporary situatin in Livingston Parish and the philosophy of its people,
it is included in its entirety: "The information ws received in this city yesterday of
the burning of the courthouse
of Livingston Parish, at Port
Vincent, and the entire destruction of the records of the parish.
It is characterized as the work of
incendiaries, and there is no
reasonable doubt of it. For the
past five years the people of the
parish have quarreled over the
locations of the courthouse. For
many years, and up to 1871, it
was located at Springfield, on
the eastern edge of the parish.
That year, however, an act of
the Legislature passed ordering
a polling of the legal voters of
the parish upon the question of
removal. At the election so held
it was decided that the young
and ambitious town of Port
Vincent, in the extreme west,
should henceforth be the seat of
Justice.
The people of Springfield
did not submit quietly to the
change, and the records were
obtained through strategy,
which almost resulted in local
civil war. After passing through
many adventures, the records
were finally deposited at Port
Vincent, and a courthouse built
around them. The victory of the
river people was not destined to
be lasting, however, as the
sequel has shown. It is hoped
now that the war is at an end,
since, with the destruction of
the papers and the courthouse
that contained them, there
seems to be nothing left to quarrel over."
In 1875 the legislature passed an act repealing the 1872 act which moved the courthouse to Port Vincent. This act was approved on April 28. Here things become confusing. If one relies only on this legislative act, it appears that the courthouse was moved back to Springfield.
Other records, in particular the minutes of the Police Jury, show that it remained in Port Vincent until 1881.
The Police Jury considered this act unconstitutional and at their meeting on May 17, "resolved that the parish attorney be instructed by the President of the Police Jury to institute proceedings immediately to enjoin the execution of the act approved April 28, 1875."
The Sixth District Court ruled that Act 6 of 1875 was indeed illegal in all its sections with the exception of section 1 which repealed Act 83 of 1872 which located the courthouse at Port Vincent. This left the parish without a parish seat, so the Police Jury at its November 6 meeting ordained that Port Vincent "shall be known and designated as the seat of Justice."
The legislature, by an act approved March 23, 1877, authorized the people of Livingston to hold an election to locate the seat of justice. This election was held on July 2, 1877, according to the proclamation issued by the president at the July 22, 1880 meeting.
At this meeting the president declared that the majority of the voters had voted for the center of the parish as the site for the courthouse. He then proceeded to declare Section 17, T7S-R5E to be the center of the parish.
The Jury objected, saying the area was too swampy, and they moved the site of Centerville to Section 14, T7S-R5E on September 10, 1880. A year later the Jury stipulated that all offices were to be moved on or before September 15, 1881 to Centerville.
The courthouse controversy remained quiet for several decades - perhaps the people really believed that the central location was fair to everyone. Nevertheless, Centerville, or Springville (as the post office there was named), was not destined to retain the seat of justice, even with its position as center of the parish. That great competitor of tranquil towns and compressor of distance, the steam locomotive, was again influencing the courthouse location question. This time it was the Baton Rouge, hammond & Eastern Railroad Co. which operated the rail line from Baton Rouge to Hammond. This line was constructed through Livingston Parish in 1907-08 and, the first regular trains were operated over the line on February 26, 1908.
By 1909 The Daily Picayune of New Orleans reported that the question of moving the parish courthouse from Centerville to the railroad was "waxing warm" among the citizens who had to travel from their homes to conduct business at the "temple of justice."
But before the courthouse was moved from Centerville to Livingston, three acts were passed by the legislature authorizing the removal of the courthouse to some point on the railroad. The three acts were passed on July 8, 1920; July 13, 1922; and July 14, 1926. A referendum was finally held in 1941, and the town of Livingston was approved as the fifth and final courthouse site.
THE FREE STATE
Charles S. Cosby, land agent for the US Government, reported in 1820 that "traveling from the Mississippi eastwardly, upon entering this parish (St. Helena, before division) the country assumes a new and widely different appearance." He went on to describe what is now Livingston Parish as having poor soil and extensive pine forests.
The parish, since Cosby's report in 1820, has suffered many trials and tribulations. Unfortunately, Cosby was correct in his estimate that the land would be claimed slowly.
Fortunately, he was wrong in his prediction that "stock, tar and pitch are the only commodities which can be expected from pine woods." Today, Livingston Parish ranks high in the state in the production of timber and pulpwood, the bulk of which comes from pine trees.
One of the trials which the parish has endured was the Civil War. Some 14 engagements were fought in Livingston Parish, running from 1862 through 1865. They included eight fought in the vicinity of the Amite River, one at Benton's Ferry, two at French Settlement, two in the vicinity of Springfield and one on the Tickfaw River.
However, the greatest tribulation which the parish experienced came as a result of internal conflicts over the location of the site of the parish courthouse.
Of the people, Cosby wrote in 1820, "The parish is almost entirely inhabited by Americans; they are poor but constitute a very valuable class of citizens." A philosophy of independence and self-reliance runs through not only the events and actions which are outlined in this brief chapter, but through the entire history of the parish.
The independent philosophy earned the parish, early in its development, its nickname of the "Free State of Livingston." The name and the traditions are still with us.
This history was developed from three sources: The 1955 Department of Public Works pub- licatin, Livingston Parish Resources and Facilities: Clark Forrest Jr.'s "Various Locations of the Livingston Parish Courthouse" and his "History of Livingston Parish" to be included in his master's thesis on changing Livingston Parish funeral customs.