Plaquemines Parish History and Information

Plaquemines Parish was created on March 31, 1807. It is one of the 19 parishes, which were created by dividing the Territory of New Orleans. The parish name is a word meaning persimmons created from the Louisiana Creole French and the Mobile Native American language . The Parish seat is Pointe a la Hache .

Plaquemines Parish Courthouse - 1915
Gone but not forgotten...the Plaquemines Courthouse, built mostly from materials salvaged from its predecessor was completed in 1915, and was sadly destroyed by a fire in 2001. Located in the town of Pointe-a-la-Hache, west to east access to the courthouse was gained by crossing the Mississippi River on a ferry.

It is borderd by Orleans Parish (north), St. Bernard Parish (northeast), Jefferson Parish (west) . Cites, Towns and Communities include Belle Chasse, Bohemia, Boothville-Venice, Buras-Triumph, Davant, Empire, Homeplace, Jesuit Bend, Pilottown, Pointe a la Hache, Port Eads, Port Sulphur, Venice . Unincorporated areas of interest in the parish include Alliance, Belair, Belle Chasse, Belvue, Benjamin Switch, Bertrandville, Bohemia, Boothville, Braithwaite, Buras, Burbridge, Burrwood, Carlisle, Cedar Grove, Dalcour, Davantto, Deer Range, Duvic, Empire, English Turn, Gloria, Greenwood, Happy Jack, Harlem,Ironton, Jesuit Bend, Junior, Linwood, Live Oak, Myrtle Grove, Naomi, Nero, Oak Point, Oakville, Ollie, Phoenix, Port Eads, Port Nickel, Port Sulphur, Promised Land, Reussite, Scarsdale, Scocola, St. Rosalie, Star, Stella, St. Leon, Sunrise, Tidewater, Triumph, Tropical Bend, Venice, Victory Switch, West Pointe a-la-Hache, Wills Point and Woodland.
The Official County Website is located at http://www.plaqueminesparish.com/ . See Extended History for More information.

• Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana History Books at Amazon.com
• Search Historical Newspapers from Louisiana (1805 - 1985) - Quickly find names and keywords in over 125 million articles, obituaries, marriage notices, birth announcements and other items published in more than 500,000 issues of over 2,500 historical U.S. newspapers. New content added monthly!
• Family History Library - The largest collection of free family history, family tree and genealogy records in the world.
• Stories, Memories & Histories - Stories and histories compiled by others researching a person or area can be an amazing source of information about your ancestors. Not only do they generally contain dates and places of vital events like birth, marriage, and death, but they often relate stories and memories that help you really get to know the character of your ancestors.

Parish Court Records

See Also Louisiana Land Records, Marriage Records, Court & Probate Records

Researchers often overlook the importance of court records, probate records, and land records as a source of family history information.

PLEASE READ FIRST!!!! Please call the clerk's department to confirm hours, mailing address, fees and other specifics before visiting or requesting information because of sometimes changing contact information. Courthouse destroyed by a fire in 2001.

Plaquemines Parish Clerk of Court has Court Records from 1807, Land Records from 1807, Probate Records from 1807 and Marriage Records from 1807 and is located at Post Office Box 40, Belle Chasse, LA 70037, 8346 Highway 23, Region 1 Building, 2nd Floor, Belle Chasse, LA 70037, (504) 297-5180, (504) 297-5195 fax .

The Clerk of Court for each parish in Louisiana performs the functions of more than one office. As the Recorder, the office of the Clerk of Court receives, files, records and indexes all mortgages, conveyances and all other instruments recorded in the Public Records for the Parish. The Clerk’s Office receives and files all pleadings, such as petitions, answers, motions and other filings in Civil and Probate matters, as well as indictments, bills of information and other filings in Criminal matters. The Clerk’s Office also handles special Juvenile matters and Criminal Neglect cases. Another function of the Clerk’s Office is the issuance of Marriage Licenses and recording their returns after the marriages are performed.

You may also search the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) which does cover Louisiana and does cover surrounding states. Many pioneers and settelers bought land from the government instead of individuals.

Below is a list of online resources for Plaquemines Parish Court Records. Email us with websites containing Plaquemines Parish Court Records by clicking the link below:

• Records of the U.S. Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, New Orleans Division: Petitions, 1838-1861(The National Archives): NARA P2233. Naturalization records in this publication include petitions and oaths for new citizens in New Orleans, Louisiana from 1838 to 1861. Included here are petitions for naturalization and oaths by petitioners and two witnesses. Occasionally, declarations of intention filed in other courts are included. Each document contains the name and residence of the petitioner, country of birth, city and date of arrival, and names of the witnesses
• Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana Court Books at Amazon.com
• Court, Land, Wills & Financial - Court records are an often overlooked, yet very valuable tool for finding information to assist you in your research. Land records, such as deeds, allow you to tie an ancestor to a specific place at a point in time. Other court records like those dealing with finances and estates often list related family members or give interesting details like the total value of property owned by your ancestors to add interest to your family history.
• Immigration & Emigration - As our ancestors moved from one country to another, details about their lives were recorded on passenger lists and government documents. Immigration and emigration records can help you learn where your ancestors originally came from, where they went, when they left, who they traveled with, and more.

Parish Vital Records

See Also Vital Records in Louisiana

Birth, marriage, and death records are connected with central life events. They are prime sources for genealogical information.

Vital Records Registry Office of Public Health, 325 Loyola Avenue, P.O. Box 60630. New Orleans, LA 70160; Tel: 504-568-5150 504- 568-5152 (automated) is the repository for all Louisiana Birth Certificates less than 101 years old and all Louisiana Death Certificates less than 51 years old. Existing records of births which occurred in Louisiana more than 100 years ago or deaths which occurred more than 50 years ago are maintained by the Louisiana State Archives. They have the following records:

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• Birth Certificates: State office has had records since July 1914. Birth records for city of New Orleans are available from 1892. Death records are available since 1942. Older birth, death, and marriage records are available through the Louisiana State Archives, P.O. Box 94125, Baton Rouge, LA 70804.
  • Cost: The cost of a birth record is $15.00. Fees must be remitted by personal check, money order or Credi/Debit Card Online for the exact amount at the time the order is placed. No credit cards are accepted except online. If the record is not on file, one fee is retained to cover the expense of the search. Please do not send cash in the mail
  • Processing Time: 4-6 weeks when ordered by MAIL or 2-5 Days when you order Online Below
• Death Certificates: Under Louisiana law, death records are strictly confidential until 50 years after the year of death. Death records older than 50 years are available at the Louisiana State Archives.
  • Cost: The cost of a death record is $7.00. Fees must be remitted by personal check, money order or Credi/Debit Card Online for the exact amount at the time the order is placed. No credit cards are accepted except online. If the record is not on file, one fee is retained to cover the expense of the search. Please do not send cash in the mail
  • Processing Time: 4-6 weeks when ordered by MAIL or 2-5 Days when you order Online Below
• Marriage Certificates: Orleans Parish records only from Vital Records Registry or the Louisiana State Archives. For other parishes, certified copies are available from the Clerk of the Court in the parish where the license was issued
• Divorce Certificates: Divorce records are available from Clerk of Court in parish where divorce was granted. Fees vary. Call Civil District Court, (504) 592-9100
• Order Online: You can also order Order Electronically Online to obtain a certified copy of a birth, marriage, death or divorce record with a credit or debit card and get the certificates within 2-5 days by ordering from VitalChek Express Certificate Service.

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Order By Mail: SUBMIT APPLICATION, COPY OF STATE OR FEDERAL PHOTO ID AND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: Vital Records Registry, P.O. Box 60630, New Orleans, LA 70160. Please do not send cash in the mail. IF NO RECORD IS FOUND, YOU WILL BE NOTIFIED AND FEES WILL BE RETAINED FOR THE SEARCH PER R.S. 40:40. See LOUISIANA VITAL RECORDS REGISTRY OFFICE OF PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HOSPITALS SERVICE FEES for current cost of all documents.

Below is a list of online resources for Plaquemines Parish Vital Records. Email us with websites containing Plaquemines Parish Vital Records by clicking the link below:

• VitalChek Express Certificate Service - Some documents are just too important to wait six weeks for. With VitalChek Express Certificate Service you won’t have to. VitalChek is the fast and convenient way to order certified government-issued vital records online. They make it easy for you to purchase the documents to which you are legally entitled. Beware of other online services that do not have relationships directly with the agencies that store your vital records. VitalChek's order process usually takes less than 10 minutes --And you can select express courier service for even faster delivery when time is running out.
• Click Here to Search the Social Security Death Index for FREE - Search over 82 million death records and get genealogical information crucial to your family research. New content added weekly! Most comprehensive SSDI site online!
• Research Death records In The World's Largest Newspaper Archive at NewpaperArchive.com! - Find thousands of historical Louisiana newspaper articles about deaths. Search for local articles about an old family friend that died many years ago or a celebrity that committed suicide. Historical newspapers contain a wealth of information about the deceased
• Louisiana Marriages, 1718-1925: This database is an index to over 570,000 individuals who were married in Louisiana between 1734 and 1935. This index was compiled from courthouse marriage licenses from various Louisiana parishes. Please note that not every parish is included in this index
• Louisiana Marriages to 1850: This database of Louisiana marriages to 1850 contains over 29,000 names. Each entry includes groom, bride, marriage date, county, and state. Every name is indexed so you can search for one name, or two names that are linked
• Louisiana Marriage Records, 1851-1900: Although official vital records registration began for Louisiana in 1914, many parishes kept records long before that date. This update adds the records for Bienville, Caldwell, Jackson, and Ouachita parishes to those of Bossier, Lincoln, and Sabine for the years 1851 through 1900. Each entry lists, at a minimum, spouses' names and the date of the marriage
• Louisiana Statewide Death Index, 1900-1949: This database is a statewide death index for Louisiana between the years 1900-1949
• New Orleans, Louisiana Birth Records Index, 1790-1899: This database is an index to birth records for New Orleans (which is coextensive with Orleans Parish) between the years 1790-1899
• New Orleans, Louisiana Marriage Records Index, 1831-1925: This database is an index to marriage records for New Orleans (which is coextensive with Orleans Parish) between the years 1831-1925
• New Orleans, Louisiana Death Records Index, 1804-1949: This database is an index to death records for New Orleans (which is coextensive with Orleans Parish) between the years 1804-1949
• New Orleans Deaths, 1840-1970: Taken from small local newspapers, some published over a century ago, this database lists deaths for over 2700 residents of the area between 1840 and 1970
• Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana Birth, Marriage & Death Books at Amazon.com
• Birth, Marriage & Death - Vital records (births, deaths, marriages, and divorces) mark the milestones of our lives and are the foundation of family history research. Vital records, usually kept by a civic authority, can give you a more complete picture of your ancestor, help you distinguish between two people with the same name, and help you find links to a new generation.

Parish Census Records

See Also Research In Census Records & Statewide Records that exist for Louisiana

Few, if any, records reveal as many details about individuals and families as do government census records. Substitute records can be used when the official census is unavailable

Parishwide Records: Federal Population Schedules that exist for Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana are 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890 (fragment, see below), 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930. Other Federal Schedules to look at when researching your family tree in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana are Industry and Agriculture Schedules availible for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880. Slave Schedules exist for 1850 & 1860. The Mortality Schedules for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880.

Statewide Records that exist for Louisiana are 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890 (fragment, see below), 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930. After the 1803 purchase of Louisiana it became an American possession; therefore, the first federal census report taken for the state was 1810.

Caution should be used particularly with the AIS indexes for Louisiana. Many of the French and Spanish names were transcribed wrong and numerous omissions exist. Many of these population schedules have been published. See Louisiana Census Records. Volume I: Avoyelles and St. Landry Parishes, 1810 and 1820 & Louisiana Census Records. Volume II: Iberville, Natchitoches, Pointe Coupee, and Rapides Parishes, 1810 and 1820 by Robert Bruce L. Ardoin & The Census Tables for the French Colony of Louisiana from 1699 Through 1732 by Charles R. Maduell, Jr. These books are on 1 Family Archive CD

As early as 1860 the federal government began attempts to identify Native Americans. In 1900 and 1910 it created a special Indian schedule. The first page was the same as the population census only it had “Indian Population” as its heading. The second page provided for such important information as: tribal affiliation, the tribe of each parent, the person's Indian blood quantum, and—if not full blooded —their precise racial mixture. These schedules will be found at the end of the ward or district in which the Native American resided.

There are Industry and Agriculture Schedules availible for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880. Slave Schedules exist for 1850 & 1860. The Mortality Schedules for the years 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880. Union Veterans Schedules were conducted in 1890.

Below is a list of online resources for Plaquemines Parish Census Records. Email us with websites containing Plaquemines Parish Census Records by clicking the link below:

• Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana Census Books at Amazon.com
• Census & Voter Lists - A census is an official list of the people in a particular area at a given time, while voter lists show those who were registered to vote in a certain area. The valuable information found on census records helps you to understand your family in their time and place. Voter Lists serve as a confirmation of residence in between the years that the census was taken.

Parish Maps & Atlases

See Also Research In State Map Collections

Genealogy Atlas has images of old American atlases during the years 1795, 1814, 1822, 1823, 1836, 1838, 1845, 1856, 1866, 1879 and 1897 for Louisiana and other states.

You can view rotating animated maps for Louisiana showing all the parish boundaries for each census year overlayed with past and present maps so you can see the changes in parish boundaries. You can view a list of maps for other states at Census Maps

You can view rotating animated maps for Louisiana showing all the parish boundary changes for each year overlayed with past and present maps so you can see the changes in parish boundaries . You can view a list of maps for other states and State Department of Transportation Maps at County Maps.

Below is a list of online resources for Plaquemines Parish Maps. Email us with websites containing Plaquemines Parish Maps by clicking the link below:

• Louisiana Digital Map Library
• Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana Map Books at Amazon.com
• Louisiana State Museum Map Database
• Maps, Atlases & Gazetteers - Maps are an invaluable part of family history research, especially if you live far from where your ancestor lived. Because political boundaries often changed, historic maps are critical in helping you discover the precise location of your ancestor's hometown, what land they owned, who their neighbors were, and more.

Military Records

See Also Military Records in Louisiana

The uses and value of military records in genealogical research for ancestors who were veterans are obvious, but military records can also be important to re-searchers whose direct ancestors were not soldiers in any war. The fathers, grandfathers, brothers, and other close relatives of an ancestor may have served in a war, and their service or pension records could contain information that will assist in further identifying the family of primary interest. Due to the amount of genealogical information contained in some military pension files, they should never be overlooked during the research process. Those records not containing specific genealogical information are of historic value and should be included in any overall research design.

Below is a list of online resources for Plaquemines Parish Military Records. Email us with websites containing Plaquemines Parish Military Records by clicking the link below:

• Revolutionary War Rolls, 1775-1783 (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Documents in NARA publication M246 include muster rolls, payrolls, strength returns, and other miscellaneous personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units, 1775-83
• Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Documents in NARA publication M881. Compiled service records of soldiers who served in the American Army during the Revolutionary War, 1775-1783
• Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, from NARA publication M804
• Southern Claims Commission from the State of Louisiana (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Documents In the 1870s, southerners claimed compensation from the U.S. government for items used by the Union Army, ranging from corn and horses, to trees and church buildings
• Organization Index to Pension Files of Veterans Who Served Between 1861 and 1900 from the State of Louisiana (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Pension applications for service in the U.S. Army between 1861 and 1917, grouped according to the units in which the veterans served
• Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Louisiana (The National Archives): View, Print Copy & Save Original Compiled service records of Confederate soldiers from Louisiana units, labeled with each soldier's name, rank, and unit, with links to revealing documents about each soldier
• Case Files of Applications from Former Confederates for Presidential Pardons ("Amnesty Papers"), 1865-67 from the State of Louisiana (The National Archives): NARA M1003. View, Print Copy & Save Original Applications for pardon submitted to President Andrew Johnson, 1865-67, by former Confederates excluded from earlier amnesty proclamations
• Louisiana Society of Daughters of the American Revolution
• National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution,
• Louisiana Society of Sons of the American Revolution,
• National Society of Sons of the American Revolution, 1000 South Fourth Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40203; (502) 589-1776
• Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana Military Books at Amazon.com
• Louisiana Confederate Soldier Burial Database
• Louisiana Confederate Soldiers
• Louisiana Military Record
• Louisiana Soldiers in the War of 1812
• Military - The men and women called to serve their country in military duty are a source of pride to their families and to their nation. Now, with databases containing more than 16 million names and thousands of government records available to search, researching your veteran ancestors has become easier than ever before.

Parish Tax Records

See Also Research In Tax Records

Tax records are a valuable but little-used source. Almost everything was taxed: household and personal goods, livestock, slaves, and property. Tax lists can be used as a substitute census, to create complete neighborhoods for a neighborhood study, establish relationships, locate land, and so on. Unfortunately, most of these lists no longer exist in Louisiana, but those that are extant are usually found in the tax assessor's office in the Plaquemines Parish courthouse.

Below is a list of online resources for Plaquemines Parish Tax Records. Email us with websites containing Plaquemines Parish Tax Records by clicking the link below:

• Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana Tax Books at Amazon.com

Parish Genealogical Addresses

See Also Other Louisiana Genealogical Addresses

The Repositories in this section are Archives, Libraries, Museums, Genealogical and Historical Societies. Many County Historical and Genealogical Societies publish magazines and/or news letters on a monthly, quarterly, bi-annual or annual basis. Contacting the local societies should not be over looked. State Archives and Societies are usually much larger and better organized with much larger archived materials than their smaller county cousins but they can be more generalized and over look the smaller details that local societies tend to have. Libraries can also be a good place to look for local information. Some libraries have a genealogy section and may have some resources that are not located at archives or societies. Also, take a special look at any museums in the area. They sometimes have photos and items from years gone by as well as information of a genealogical interest. All these places are vitally important to the family genealogist and must not be passed over.

Below is a list of online resources for Plaquemines Parish Genealogical Addresses. Email us with websites containing Plaquemines Parish Genealogical Addresses by clicking the link below:

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• Louisiana State Archives , 3851 Essen Lane, PO Box 94125, Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9125; (225) 922-2012
• Louisiana Historical Society, 5801 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115; 504/866-3049, [EMAIL]
• Louisiana Genealogical & Historical Society, P.O. Box 82060, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70884-2060-60
• National Archives and Records Admin,501 W Felix Str, Building 1, P.O. 6216, Fort Worth, Texas 76115-3405; archives@ftworth.nara.gov, Fax: 817-334-5511
• Newspapers & Periodicals - The Newspapers & Periodicals Collection lets you discover a wealth of information about your ancestors from many historical newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals. These types of sources can often supplement public records and provide information that is not recorded anywhere else. Here, you can learn more about your ancestor's possible daily activities by placing them in the context of their time.
• Directories & Member Lists - Directories and member lists are typically compilations of information about people who belonged to various associations and groups or lived within city boundaries. They can be thought of as the predecessors to the modern-day phone book and usually list names, addresses, and sometimes the occupations of your ancestors.
• Louisiana Genealogical Society Books at Amazon.com

Parish Church & Cemeteries

See Also Church & Cemetery Records in Louisiana

Obituaries can vary in the amount of information they contain, but many of them are genealogical goldmines, including information such as names, dates, places of birth and death, marriage information, and family relationships.

There are many churches and cemeteries in Plaquemines Parish. Some transcriptions are online. A great site is the Plaquemines Parish Tombstone Transcription Project.

Most Catholic church registers are still in the local parish church. Many of them have been translated and published.

The recording of cemetery inscriptions in Louisiana has long been a project of the DAR and numerous genealogical societies. Genealogical publications continually print these inscriptions in their issues.

Below is a list of online resources for Plaquemines Parish Cemetery & Church Records. Email us with websites containing Plaquemines Parish Cemetery & Church Records by clicking the link below:

• Find Obituaries in The World's Largest Newspaper Archive at NewpaperArchive.com! - Find thousands of Louisiana obituaries to help you research your family history. Search for a Louisiana newspaper obituary about your ancestor or a celebrity. Begin your search today and find death notices and funeral announcements printed in newspapers from Louisiana
• Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana Cemetery Books at Amazon.com
• Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana Church Books at Amazon.com

Family Trees & Genealogy Tidbits

 

The use of published genealogies, electronic files containing genealogical lineage, and other compiled sources can be of tremendous value to a researcher.

When view family trees online or not, be sure to only take the info at face value and always follow up with your own sources or verify the ones they provide. Below is a list of online resources for Plaquemines Parish Family Trees, web forums and other family type information . Email us with websites containing Plaquemines Parish Family Trees, web forums and other family type information by clicking the link below:

• Search for Local Louisiana Researchers or Earn Money by becoming a Local Louisiana Researcher!
• Search 60 Years Of Everton Data: For the first time ever you can get access to more than 150,000 pedigree files and family group sheets from Evertons. Learn More
• Search the Family Tree DNA Project- Use DNA testing to break through your genealogical barriers!
• Sites on USGenweb: [ Plaquemines Parish ] [ Louisiana ] [ Main Page ]
• [GenForum Message Boards] [Rootsweb Message Boards]
• Genealogy Encyclopedia: General Abbreviations, Early Illnesses, Nickname Meanings, Worldwide Epidemics, Early Occupations, Common Terms, Censuses Explained, Free Genealogical Forms
• Nichols and Related Families of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virgina.
• The Louisiana Family Group Sheet Project
• Family Trees - Ancestry has thousands of family trees shared by other members. They can help you identify how ancestors are related and give you clues about birth, marriage, and death information. Family trees are an excellent resource for filling in gaps in your research or even to simply know where to begin.
• Pictures - One of the more exciting discoveries in doing family history research is finding a photograph of your ancestors or their residence. Finding historic postcard photos and drawings of towns and important events throughout history can also give you a visual look into your ancestors lives.
• Reference Materials & Finding Aids - Reference materials, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other how-to books, can be tremendously helpful in finding and interpreting historical documents. Many of these books can help you learn where to look for more information and how to use what you've already found to uncover more clues.
• Genealogical Document Search and Retrieval Service
• Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana Family Books at Amazon.com

Extended History

 

1507: Almost 500 years ago, in 1507, a cartographer on one of Christopher ColumbusË expeditions to the Gulf of Mexico drew a map showing a huge river flowing from the heart of North America. It was the Mississippi, and in charting its mouth the cartographer became the first man to locate the area of Plaquemines Parish on a map. From that moment the Mississippi River has played a significant part in the history of America, and Plaquemines Parish has shared in this prominence. The mighty Father of Waters became a gateway to the New WorldËs fabulous wealth and paved the way to the development of a great civilization.

The name, Plaquemines, comes from an Indian word, piakimin, meaning persimmon. It was first used by Iberville and Bienville to name an old military post on the banks of the Mississippi which was surrounded by large number of persimmon trees. Eventually the name was applied to the entire parish.

Many expeditions were sent to find the river and explore the country it drained. But for more than a hundred years, the river was to remain little more than a crooked line on the inaccurate maps of the times. Finally, in 1682, Rene Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle, led an expedition to the mouth of the river. On April 9, he planted a cross on the west bank somewhere between Venice and Head of Passes, proclaiming for France all of the Mississippi Valley and the area drained by tributaries of the river. He named it Louisiana in honor of FranceËs King Louis XIV.

1699: This claim to the interior of the continent was strongly contested by Spain and England., but a chance meeting at one of the bends in the river upstream from Pointe-a-la-Hache solidified FranceËs claim to the country. The area is called English Turn, because it was there, in 1699 that a British man-of-war, headed inland, reversed its course and returned to the Gulf, leaving Louisiana to the French. It seems the captain met the Frenchman, Bienville, coming downstream in a small boat. Bienville told the captain that France had built a strong fort just up the river. Of course this was a lie, but it was more than a century later before the British tried to claim it again.

1700: The next year Bienville and Iberville established the first fortification near Phoenix and called it Fort Mississippi. Later, two military installations were built just below the present site of Triumph. Fort Jackson on the west bank, and Fort St. Philip, right across the river, saw heavy action in the War of 1812 and during the Civil War.

1709: Plaquemines Parish was first settled at English Turn in 1709 by the French brothers Carriere. These hardy folk and other early settlers planted indigo, rice and sugar cane, grew oranges (introduced in 1750), fished the Gulf for shrimp and oysters, and lived a secluded but most pleasant life along the riverËs banks. Upriver, near New Orleans, the parish broadens and fertile land extends quite a distance from the river. Even before the Louisiana Purchase, large and beautiful plantations were built and the planters of area contributed very prominently in the development of Louisiana. The parish was created in 1807 from the County of Orleans, and Pointe a la Hache, one of the largest settlements between English Turn and the Gulf, was selected as the parish seat in 1846.

1805: When the Territory of Orleans is divided into counties the present-day Plaquemines Parish is part of Orleans County

1808: Fort St. Leon in Bellechasse on the West Bank of Plaquemines Parish is rebuilt by Latour and garrisoned to defend New Orleans. The fort is destroyed by Adm. Farragut during the Civil War in the Union’s advance up the river.

1822: Fort Jackson built around 1822-32 near Venice to protect the lower river. Named for Andrew Jackson. 1862 - Fort withstood 10 day siege by Farragut and surrendered after city fell. In 1898 and 1917-18 used as training base. 1961-Fort was declared a national monument.

1815: Two historic military battles occurred in the parishãthe failed attempt by the British navy in 1815 to neutralize Fort St. Philip and coordinate the attack against Andrew Jackson in Chalmette; and the Civil War battle in 1862 when Captain David FarragutËs Union fleet fought its way past Fort St. Philip and Fort Jackson to capture New Orleans. This second military battle was a serious blow to the Confederacy.

1844: Plaquemines Parish received national notoriety in the Polk-Clay presidential election of 1844, when the parish gave Polk a majority of 970 where only 272 voters had been listed in the preceding census. It was charged that Judge Leonard, a Plaquemines politician acting under the orders of John Slidell, chartered two boats at New Orleans, put 350 men on board, and carried them to Plaquemines to vote for Polk. Although the Pennsylvania vote really carried the election for Polk the so called „Plaquemines Frauds¾ gave him a majority in Louisiana. Protests, both local and nation-wide, brought about an investigation by the state legislature. But no flagrant fraud was established against the Democrats, who claimed that the men were legally qualified voters who had been deprived of voting at New Orleans.

1900: In the twentieth century Plaquemines Parish discovered another abundance beneath the surface of the earth. Below the marsh and the shallow waters of the Gulf, oil, natural gas and sulfur exist in such huge quantities that Plaquemines has become one of the richest parishes in Louisiana. Sulfur was found at Lake Washington and Grande Ecaille in 1932 and within four years over a quarter-million long tons were being produced there. Millions of barrels of oil and cubic feet of natural gas have flowed from wells in the Gulf and the marsh around the parish.

Until the twentieth century the low-lying lands of Plaquemines Parish were frequently damaged by floods and hurricanes. In this century natureËs ravages has been reduced to a minimum through federal flood control measures, better building codes and successful evacuation plans of the residents.

The heritage of the parish is primarily French, Italian and Slavic. Yugoslav immigrants settled here in the late 19th century. Although the parish has no incorporated communities, unincorporated areas line both banks of the river. The principle communities are Pointe a la Hache, Belle Chasse, Buras and Triumph.

Pointe-a-la-Hache, the parish seat, is located on the east bank of the Mississippi River, about fifty miles below New Orleans. The first church in the town was built in 1820, the jail in 1835, and the present courthouse in 1890. The first newspaper in the parish, The Rice Planter ,was published at Pointe a la Hache during the decade preceding the Civil War.

Belle Chasse is a thriving west bank community, about seven miles down the river from New Orleans. It has immediate access to the urban amenities of New Orleans and Jefferson parish, yet retains its rural atmosphere.

Buras, the orange center of the parish, existed as several tiny settlements with no name until 1840, when seven brothers of the Buras family moved from France and settled in the area. The community of Triumph is a smaller version of Buras.

1986: In 1986 voters elected to change the parishËs government from the commission council system, which had run it since 1960, to a president council.